The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that buildings and construction together account for approximately 39 per cent of global energy-related carbon dioxide emissions when considering both operational and embodied emissions. One way of reducing the environmental impact of the built environment is adaptive re-use, which involves extending a building’s life and encouraging the re-use of embodied energy. Here, Adam Fox, director of vibration isolationspecialist Mason UK, explains the potential role that vibration engineering can play in adaptive re-use.
The environmental benefits of adaptive reuse
Adaptive reuse refers to the practice of repurposing existing buildings for new functions, rather than demolishing and constructing new structures. One of the key benefits of adaptive reuse is the preservation of embodied energy.
Globally, construction is responsible for 39 per cent of carbon emissions, with 28 per cent coming from operational costs and eleven per cent coming from embodied carbon during the construction phase. Although operational costs are higher, the savings accumulate over time. For embodied carbon during the construction phase, in contrast, the carbon costs are all paid upfront. Reducing emissions right now is vitally important to tackling the climate crisis, so there needs to be extra emphasis on addressing the embodied carbon in buildings to deliver carbon reductions quickly.
By reusing existing structures, we conserve this embodied energy invested in their original construction. Constructing a new building requires a substantial amount of energy and resources, including raw materials, transportation, and manufacturing processes. Over 60 per cent of embodied carbon in a building is contained in the sub-structure, frame, upper floors and roof of a building.
As most of these elements can be reused or repurposed in a refurbished building, adaptive reuse drastically reduces the upfront carbon cost in comparison with demolishing the structure and building a new one in its place.Furthermore, demolishing existing buildings generates immense amounts of waste materials and the disposal of construction debris contributes to pollution.
As well as the sustainability benefits, by repurposing existing structures, architects, developers and engineers can contribute to the revitalisation or urban areas, reducing urban sprawl and the need for new infrastructure development. However, this last point in particular often creates a need for effective vibration control.
Enter vibration control
Buildings situated in built up urban areas, London in particular, are often located in proximity to major sources of noise and vibration, such as train and tube lines. This is especially problematic for historic buildings, which were designed in a different era where modern acoustic engineering was neither available nor necessary.
It might seem that the need for effective vibration control rules out the possibility of adaptive reuse in some scenarios. Imagine, for example, an historic building in proximity to a major tube or train line. The developers might envisage repurposing the existing building into a luxury hotel, but with vibration from the train being transmitted into the buildings structure, the occupants will inevitably face an intolerable level of noise.
Although structural isolation is more common, and certainly easier, for new buildings, it is also possible for existing buildings, including historic ones. At Mason UK, we were faced with the exact scenario described above when helping redevelop Cambridge House in London. In this project, the only way to make the building acoustically acceptable was to isolate the building on isolation bearings.
Specifically, we provided around 450 Mason 6Hz rubber bearings, each one designed bespoke. Following an iterative design process with architect PDP and structural engineer AKTII, the contractor Deconstruct formed two concrete beams in every basement wall, just above the foundation. Mason rubber bearings were inserted between the two concrete beams, using hydraulic jacks from specialists PHL to accurately transfer load from temporary supports. The result was a completely isolated building which allowed retention of the historic and characterful interior, effectively granting it a new life.
Adaptive reuse is a key strategy for helping reduce the environmental impact of the built environment. In urban areas, effective structural isolation of existing buildings will be key to making it viable in many instances. The recent success of the structural isolation of Cambridge House, a Grade I listed building, is a clear demonstration of what is possible and of the potential role vibration engineering can play in allowing us to reuse our historic structures.
Mason UK specialises in architectural acoustics and structural isolation. To read more about their latest projects, visit mason-uk.co.uk
